"Rain Water Harvesting"

 "Rain Water Harvesting"

 Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff). One method of rainwater harvesting is rooftop harvesting.

Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting

• Easy to Maintain: Utilizing the rainwater harvesting system provides certain advantages to the community. ...
• Reducing Water Bills: Water collected in the rainwater harvesting system can be put to use for several non-drinking functions as well.
• 3. Suitable for Irrigation: As such, there is little requirement for building new infrastructure for the rainwater harvesting system. Most rooftops act as a workable catchment area, which can be linked to the harvesting system. This also lessens the impact on t
  
  
  he environment by reducing use of fuel based machines.
  4. Reduces Demand on Ground Water: With increase in population, the demand for water is also continuously increasing. The end result is that many residential colonies and industries are extracting ground water to fulfill their daily demands. This has led to depletion of ground water which has gone to significant low level in some areas where there is huge water scarcity.
  5. Reduces Floods and Soil Erosion: During rainy season, rainwater is collected in large storage tanks which also helps in reducing floods in some low lying areas. Apart from this, it also helps in reducing soil erosion and contamination of surface water with pesticides and fertilizers from rainwater run-off which results in cleaner lakes and ponds.
  6. Can be Used for Several Non-drinking Purposes: Rainwater when collected can be used for several non-drinking functions including flushing toilets, washing clothes, watering the garden, washing cars etc. It is unnecessary to use pure drinking water if all we need to use it for some other purpose rather than drinking.
   

Water Scarcity in India 

The problem has been compounded with increased concretization due to urban development that has choked ground water resources. Water is neither being recharged nor stored in ways that optimizes its use while retaining the natural ingredients of water. In addition, the entry of sewage and industrial waste into water bodies is severely shrinking the availability of potable water. Marine life is mostly lost in these areas already. This is the genesis of a very serious emerging crisis. If we do not understand the source of the problem we will never be able to find sustainable solutions.
As an example, take Hyderabad. This city of Nizams had several water aquifers and water bodies through time. Osmansagar and Himayatsagar lakes were built and have been providing drinking water to the city for well over a hundred years. Excess migration of population to the city coupled with unplanned construction in all directions, resulted in traditional aquifers, which existed in and around the city, being blocked.
There are over 50,000 bore wells operated by the state owned HMWS&SB and private owners that have been drawing ground water. The levels have now fallen significantly. If the ground water cannot recharge, the supply will get only get worse. The demand for water continues to grow while the collection, storage, regeneration and distribution has become over stressed. The story repeats itself across urban centers in India.
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